mTOR Pathways in Cancer and Autophagy
نویسندگان
چکیده
TOR (target of rapamycin), an evolutionarily-conserved serine/threonine kinase, acts as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation and survival in response to nutritional status, growth factor, and stress signals. It plays a crucial role in coordinating the balance between cell growth and cell death, depending on cellular conditions and needs. As such, TOR has been identified as a key modulator of autophagy for more than a decade, and several deregulations of this pathway have been implicated in a variety of pathological disorders, including cancer. At the molecular level, autophagy regulates several survival or death signaling pathways that may decide the fate of cancer cells; however, the relationship between autophagy pathways and cancer are still nascent. In this review, we discuss the recent cellular signaling pathways regulated by TOR, their interconnections to autophagy, and the clinical implications of TOR inhibitors in cancer.
منابع مشابه
Apatinib has anti-tumor effects and induces autophagy in colon cancer cells
Objective(s): Apatinib recently has been used to treat patients with gastric cancer, but the function of apatinib in colon cancer remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of apatinib on the biological function and its potential mechanism of colon cancer cells in vitro. Materials and Methods:The effect of apatinib in colon cancer cells were detected by assessing cell ...
متن کاملEupafolin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Objective(s): Eupafolin, a major active component of Eupatorium perfoliatum L., has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is responsible for myocardial depression. A line of evidences revealed that LPS induces autophagy in cardiomyocytes injury. This study aims to evaluate the effects of eupafolin on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy...
متن کاملPI3K/Akt/mTOR and CDK4 combined inhibition enhanced apoptosis of thyroid cancer cell lines
Introduction Thyroid cancer is a malignant disease with poor prognosis. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) pathways are vital regulators of tumor cell proliferation and survival. Therefore the present study was designed to use dual inhibition of such pathways to kill thyroid cancer cells. Methods and materials The effects of each inhibitors on human ATC and...
متن کاملPI3K/Akt/mTOR and CDK4 combined inhibition enhanced apoptosis of thyroid cancer cell lines
Introduction Thyroid cancer is a malignant disease with poor prognosis. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) pathways are vital regulators of tumor cell proliferation and survival. Therefore the present study was designed to use dual inhibition of such pathways to kill thyroid cancer cells. Methods and materials The effects of each inhibitors on human ATC and...
متن کاملThe Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycine Signaling Pathway in Central Nervous System Cancers: A Review
Mammalian mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase in the cellular PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This pathway is modified by cellular alterations such as level of energy, growth factors, stresses, as well as the increased environmental level of cancerous cytokines. In general, increase of this kinase protein function is seen in various types of cancers, ...
متن کاملValproic acid induces autophagy by suppressing the Akt/mTOR pathway in human prostate cancer cells
Previous studies have demonstrated that the chronic administration of valproic acid (VPA) suppresses angiogenesis in vivo; however, the mechanisms implicated in VPA-induced autophagy remain unclear. The current study aimed to assess VPA-induced autophagy in three prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU145 and LNCaP), in addition to analyzing the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathw...
متن کامل